【计算机科学基础】LaTeX符号语法总结

LaTeX符号语法总结

  • 运算符
  • 希腊字母
  • 字母类符号
  • 括号
  • 箭头
  • 几何学
  • 函数
  • 强调符号
  • 空白符号
  • 省略符号
  • 数值编号
  • 分式
  • 上下标
  • 根式
  • 积分
  • 求积
  • 求和
  • 极限
  • 数列
  • 矩阵
  • 行列式
  • 排列组合
  • 分段函数
  • 化学方程式
  • 文本着色
  • 文本加粗

运算符

∞\infty \infty ≠\neq= \neq ×\times× \times ÷\div÷ \div ∼\sim \sim
±\pm± \pm ∓\mp \mp ≤\leq \leq ≥\geq \geq ≈\approx \approx
%\%% % ∗\ast \ast ⋅\cdot \cdot ≡\equiv \equiv ≅\cong \cong
∈\in \in ∋\ni \ni ∃\exists \exists ∄\nexists \nexists ∝\propto \propto
∪\cup \cup ∩\cap \cap ⊥\perp \perp ∥\parallel \parallel ∘\circ \circ
⊆\subseteq \subseteq ⫋⫋ ∀∀ ≆\ncong \ncong ≁\nsim \nsim
=== = +++ + ≪\ll \ll ≫\gg \gg ⊂\subset \subset
≐\doteq \doteq <<< < >>> > ≺\prec \prec ≻\succ \succ
⪯\preceq \preceq ⪰\succeq \succeq ⊃\supset \supset ≃\simeq \simeq ⊇\supseteq \supseteq
⊈\nsubseteq \nsubseteq ⊏\sqsubset \sqsubset ⊐\sqsupset \sqsupset ⋈\Join \Join ∉\notin/ \notin
∫\int \int ∬\iint \iint ∭\iiint \iiint ∰\oiiint \oiiint ∑\sum \sum
∏\prod \prod ∐\coprod \coprod ⋀\bigwedge \bigwedge ⋁\bigvee \bigvee ⋂\bigcap \bigcap
⋃\bigcup \bigcup ⨀\bigodot \bigodot ⨁\bigoplus \bigoplus ⨂\bigotimes \bigotimes ⨄\biguplus \biguplus
\\backslash\ \backslash /// / ⋇\divideontimes \divideontimes ⋆\star \star ≀\wr \wr
△\vartriangle \vartriangle ‡\ddag \ddag ⋄\diamond \diamond †\dag \dag ∧\wedge \wedge
∨\vee \vee ⊙\odot \odot ⊗\otimes \otimes ⊕\oplus \oplus ⊖\ominus \ominus
⋓\Cup \Cup ⋒\Cap \Cap ∔\dotplus \dotplus ⊺\intercal \intercal ∵\because \because
∴\therefore \therefore ∽\backsim \backsim ⊎\uplus \uplus ∝\propto \propto ∯\oiint \oiint
∮\oint \oint ⨆\bigsqcup \bigsqcup ⊢\vdash \vdash ⊣\dashv \dashv ⋈\bowtie \bowtie
⊑\sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq ⊒\sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq ⊨\models \models ∣\mid \mid ∥\parallel \parallel
⌣\smile \smile ⌢\frown \frown ≍\asymp \asymp ::: : ±\pm± \pm
‵\backprime \backprime ′\prime \prime ⌈⌉⌈⌉ ⌈⌉ ⌊⌋⌊⌋ ⌊⌋

希腊字母

α\alphaα \alpha β\betaβ \beta γ\gammaγ \gamma δ\deltaδ \delta ϕ\phiϕ \phi
ϵ\epsilonϵ \epsilon ζ\zetaζ \zeta η\etaη \eta θ\thetaθ \theta ι\iotaι \iota
κ\kappaκ \kappa λ\lambdaλ \lambda μ\muμ \mu ν\nuν \nu ξ\xiξ \xi
ρ\rhoρ \rho σ\sigmaσ \sigma τ\tauτ \tau υ\upsilonυ \upsilon φ\varphiφ \varphi
χ\chiχ \chi ω\omegaω \omega π\piπ \pi ψ\psiψ \psi ε\varepsilonε \varepsilon
ϑ\varthetaϑ \vartheta ooo o ϖ\varpiϖ \varpi ϱ\varrhoϱ \varrho ς\varsigmaς \varsigma
φ\varphiφ \varphi Ξ\XiΞ \Xi Γ\GammaΓ \Gamma Δ\DeltaΔ \Delta Λ\LambdaΛ \Lambda
Ω\OmegaΩ \Omega Φ\PhiΦ \Phi Ψ\PsiΨ \Psi Π\PiΠ \Pi Σ\SigmaΣ \Sigma
Θ\ThetaΘ \Theta Υ\UpsilonΥ \Upsilon

字母类符号

ℵ\aleph \aleph ℶ\beth \beth ℸ\daleth \daleth ℷ\gimel \gimel ∂\partial \partial
Ⅎ\Finv \Finv ℜ\Re \Re ℓ\ell \ell ð\ethð \eth ℑ\Im \Im
ℏ\hslash \hslash ∁\complement \complement ℘\wp \wp ∀\forall \forall

括号

((( ( ))) ) [[[ [ ]]] ] {\{{ \{
}\}} \} ∣\vert \vert ∥\Vert \Vert /// /

箭头

←\leftarrow \leftarrow →\to \to →\rightarrow \rightarrow ↑\uparrow \uparrow ↓\downarrow \downarrow
⟵\longleftarrow \longleftarrow ⟶\longrightarrow \longrightarrow ⇐\Leftarrow \Leftarrow ⇒\Rightarrow \Rightarrow ↦\mapsto \mapsto
↔\leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow ↚\nleftarrow \nleftarrow ↛\nrightarrow \nrightarrow ⇀\rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup ↼\leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup
↮\nleftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow ⇔\Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow ⇎\nLeftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow ⇍\nLeftarrow \nLeftarrow ⇏\nRightarrow \nRightarrow

几何学

∠\angle \angle ∢\sphericalangle \sphericalangle ∤\nmid \nmid ∦\nparallel \nparallel ■\blacksquare \blacksquare
⋆\star \star ∙\bullet \bullet ★\bigstar \bigstar □\square \square ∘\circ \circ

函数

Pr⁡\PrPr \Pr sin⁡\sinsin \sin cos⁡\coscos \cos exp⁡\expexp \exp det⁡\detdet \det
lim⁡\limlim \lim ln⁡\lnln \ln log⁡\loglog \log max⁡\maxmax \max min⁡\minmin \min
tan⁡\tantan \tan arg⁡\argarg \arg lg⁡\lglg \lg arcsin⁡\arcsinarcsin \arcsin cot⁡\cotcot \cot
sh⁡\shsh \sh

强调符号

a˙\dot{a}a˙ \dot{a} a¨\ddot{a}a¨ \ddot{a} a^\hat{a}a^ \hat{a} a~\tilde{a}a~ \tilde{a} aˉ\bar{a}aˉ \bar{a}
a⃗\vec{a}a \vec{a} xyz‾\overline{xyz}xyz \overline{xyz} xyz^\widehat{xyz}xyz \widehat{xyz} xyz~\widetilde{xyz}xyz \widetilde{xyz} aˇ\check{a}aˇ \check{a}
aˊ\acute{a}aˊ \acute{a} aˋ\grave{a}aˋ \grave{a} a˘\breve{a}a˘ \breve{a}

空白符号

aba\qquad{b}ab a\qquad{b} aba\quad{b}ab a\quad{b} aba \ ba b a \ b aba \; bab a\ ; b aba \, bab a \, b
aba bab a b a⁣ba \! bab a \! b

省略符号

⋯\cdots \cdots …\ldots \ldots ⋮\vdots \vdots ⋱\ddots \ddots

数值编号

分式

基本格式:
\frac{分子}{分母}分子分母\frac{分子}{分母}分母分子

样例:
dydx\frac{dy}{dx}dxdy\frac{dy}{dx}

∂y∂x\frac{\partial{y}}{\partial{x}}xy\frac{\partial{y}}{\partial{x}}

上下标

基本格式:
anytext_{downtext}^{uptext}anytextdowntextuptextanytext_{downtext}^{uptext}anytextdowntextuptext

也可以颠倒过来:anytext^{uptext}\_{downtext}

还可以只加一种:anytext_{downtext}anytext^{uptext}

样例:

x2x^{2}x2 ← x^{2}

H2OH_{2}OH2O ← H_{2}O

根式

基本格式:
\sqrt[开根幂次数]{被开根数}被开根数开根幂次数\sqrt[开根幂次数]{被开根数}开根幂次数被开根数

样例:

2\sqrt{2}2 ← \sqrt{2}

23\sqrt[3]{2}32 ← \sqrt[3]{2}

3n\sqrt[n]{3}n3 ← \sqrt[n]{3}

积分

基本格式:
\int_{积分下限}^{积分上限}∫积分下限积分上限\int_{积分下限}^{积分上限}积分下限积分上限

也可以颠倒过来:\int^{积分上限}_{积分下限}

样例:
\int^{3}_{8}x^3dx∫83x3dx\int^{3}_{8}x^3dx83x3dx

求积

基本格式:
\prod_{downtext}^{uptext}{text}∏downtextuptexttext\prod_{downtext}^{uptext}{text}downtextuptexttext

样例:
\prod_{k=1}^{n}f(k)∏k=1nf(k)\prod_{k=1}^{n}f(k)k=1nf(k)

要想把上下标放到求和/求积符号上方和下方,则格式为:
\prod\limits_{k=1}^{n}f(k)∏k=1nf(k)\prod\limits_{k=1}^{n}f(k)k=1nf(k)

求和

\sum\limits_{downtext}^{uptext}{text}∑downtextuptexttext\sum\limits_{downtext}^{uptext}{text}downtextuptexttext

\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{f(i)}∑i=1nf(i)\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{f(i)}i=1nf(i)

极限

\lim\limits_{x\to{0}}{\frac{\sin{x}}{x}}=1lim⁡x→0sin⁡xx=1\lim\limits_{x\to{0}}{\frac{\sin{x}}{x}}=1x0limxsinx=1

数列

A=\{a_{1},a_{2},\ldots,a_{n}\}A={a1,a2,…,an}A=\{a_{1},a_{2},\ldots,a_{n}\}A={a1,a2,,an}

矩阵

\begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{matrix}0110\begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{matrix}0110

\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -i \\ i & 0 \end{pmatrix}(0−ii0)\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -i \\ i & 0 \end{pmatrix}(0ii0)

\begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}[0−110]\begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}[0110]

\begin{Bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{Bmatrix}{100−1}\begin{Bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{Bmatrix}{1001}

\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & \ldots & 1 \\ 2 & 2^{2} & \ldots & 2^{n} \\ 3 & 3^{2} & \ldots & 3^{n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ n & n^{2} & \ldots & n^{n} \end{bmatrix}[11…1222…2n332…3n⋮⋮⋱⋮nn2…nn]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & \ldots & 1 \\ 2 & 2^{2} & \ldots & 2^{n} \\ 3 & 3^{2} & \ldots & 3^{n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ n & n^{2} & \ldots & n^{n} \end{bmatrix}123n12232n212n3nnn

行列式

\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix}∣abcd∣\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix}acbd

\begin{Vmatrix} i & 0 \\ 0 & -i \end{Vmatrix}∥i00−i∥\begin{Vmatrix} i & 0 \\ 0 & -i \end{Vmatrix}i00i

排列组合

\binom{a}{b}\tbinom{a}{b}(ab)\binom{a}{b}(ba)

\dbinom{a}{b}(ab)\dbinom{a}{b}(ba)

C_{3}^{1}C31C_{3}^{1}C31

A_{3}^{1}A31A_{3}^{1}A31

分段函数

\Psi_{A}(x)=\begin{cases}1, & x\in{A} \\ 0, & x\notin{A} \end{cases}ΨA(x)={1,x∈A0,x∉A\Psi_{A}(x)=\begin{cases}1, & x\in{A} \\ 0, & x\notin{A} \end{cases}ΨA(x)={1,0,xAx/A

化学方程式

C+O_{2}\stackrel{点燃}{\longrightarrow}{CO_{2}}C+O2⟶点燃CO2C+O_{2}\stackrel{点燃}{\longrightarrow}{CO_{2}}C+O2点燃CO2

文本着色

\textcolor{red}{a+b=c}a+b=c\textcolor{red}{a+b=c}a+b=c

文本加粗

不加粗:AAAA

加粗:\textbf{A}A\textbf{A}A

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