Even if you’re not a financial wizard, you’ve probably had to figure out a loan payment at least once in your life. Fortunately, Excel makes it easy to calculate loan payments, with the PMT function.
即使您不是财务向导，您也可能一生中至少必须计算一次贷款。 幸运的是，Excel具有PMT功能 ，可以轻松计算贷款还款额。
PMT(rate,nper,pv,[fv],[type])
PMT(rate，nper，pv，[fv]，[type])
If you have used this function, you probably just used the first three arguments – rate, nper, pv – and ignored the optional ones – fv and type.
如果使用了此功能，则可能只使用了前三个参数– rate，nper，pv –而忽略了可选参数– fv和type。
In the example below, I entered the annual rate (rate), number of payments (nper), and loan amount (pv) on the worksheet, then referred to those cells in the PMT formula.
在下面的示例中，我在工作表上输入了年利率(利率)，还款次数(nper)和贷款金额(pv)，然后在PMT公式中引用了这些单元格。
=PMT(C2/12,C3,C4)
= PMT(C2 / 12，C3，C4)
未来价值是什么？ (What is the Future Value?)
Do you ever use the 4th argument – future value (fv)? That’s the amount that you want as a balance when the payments are finished. In most cases, you want the balance to be zero, and if you omit the fv argument, that is the assumption.
您是否曾经使用过第4个论点–终值(fv)？ 这就是您要在付款完成后作为余额的金额。 在大多数情况下，您希望余额为零，并且如果省略fv参数，那就是假设。
However, maybe you borrowed $10,000 from a very generous relative. Instead of paying back the full amount, Grandma said that you only have to pay back $8000. In that case, the future value would be –2000.
但是，也许您从一个非常慷慨的亲戚那里借了10,000美元。 奶奶说，您无需还清全额，您只需要还清8000美元即可。 在这种情况下，终值将为–2000。
When I add that to the formula, the monthly payment is reduced by almost $40.
当我将其添加到公式中时，每月付款减少了近40美元。
=PMT(C2/12,C3,C4,-2000)
= PMT(C2 / 12，C3，C4，-2000)
It’s not the same thing as paying back an $8000 loan though – you’ve borrowed $10000, and are paying interest on that amount. In the screen shot below you can see that an $8000 loan, with zero future value, would have lower payments.
这与偿还8000美元的贷款不是一回事–您已借入10000美元，并为此支付了利息。 在下面的屏幕快照中，您可以看到一笔8000美元的贷款，其未来价值为零，其还款额较低。
类型参数 (The Type Argument)
The final argument is type, and if you omit it, the payment is assumed to be at the end of the period. If you are paying at the beginning of the period, use a 1 as the type argument.
最后一个参数是type，如果您省略它，则假定付款在该期间的末尾。 如果您在期间开始时付款，请使用1作为类型参数。
In the original example, paying for a $10000 loan over 48 months, at 5%, it would shave about $1 off the monthly payments.
在原始示例中，如果在48个月内以5％的利率支付10000美元的贷款，则每月的供款额将减少1美元左右。
视频：PMT功能 (Video: PMT Function)
To see how to set up a simple PMT function, watch this short video. You can download the sample file from my Contextures website.
要了解如何设置简单的PMT功能，请观看此简短视频。 您可以从我的Contextures网站下载示例文件 。
演示地址
翻译自: https://contexturesblog.com/archives/2013/06/25/calculate-loan-payments-with-pmt-function/