ajax php如何实现三级联动

ajax php实现三级联动的方法：首先创建一个test数据库并创建三张表；然后初始化所有的省份；接着把当前的省份id通过ajax发出请求传递到服务端的程序中；最后查询数据库并进行必要的处理显示即可。

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案例涉及到数据库，数据库设计如下：

首先创建一个test数据库，内容如下：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `province` (
  `province_id` int(2) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `province_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`province_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ;
 
INSERT INTO `province` (`province_id`, `province_name`) VALUES
(1, '安徽'),
(2, '浙江');
 
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `city` (
  `city_id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `city_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `province_id` int(4) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`city_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;
 
INSERT INTO `city` (`city_id`, `city_name`, `province_id`) VALUES
(1, '合肥', 1),
(2, '安庆', 1),
(3, '南京', 2),
(4, '徐州', 2);
 
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `county` (
  `county_id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `county_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `city_id` int(4) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`county_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;
 
INSERT INTO `county` (`county_id`, `county_name`, `city_id`) VALUES
(1, '怀宁', 2),
(2, '望江', 2),
(3, '肥东', 1),
(4, '肥西', 1);

对数据库说明：我创建了三张表，分别是省（province），市（city）,县（county）,插入了几条测试数据，当然你也可以设计一张表，效率当然没一张表好，所以不建议使用，看你个人习惯。

实现过程并不是很难，思路如下：

1) 初始化所有的省份，这个可以直接从数据库中查询出来省份
2）当用户选择省份的时候触发事件，把当前的省份的id通过ajax发出请求传递到服务端的程序中
3）服务端根据客户端的请求，查询数据库，并按照一定的格式返回给客户端
4）客户端获取服务端的数据，进行必要的处理显示出来

创建select.php (代码简陋，只是实现功能而已，说明原理即可！)

1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
2 <html>
3 <head>
4 <title>三级联动(作者：mckee - www.phpddt.com)</title>
5 <meta http-equiv="content-type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
6 <script>
7 function createAjax(){
8 var xmlHttp = false;
9 if (window.XMLHttpRequest){
10 xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
11 }else if(window.ActiveXObject){
12 try{
13 xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
14 }catch(e){
15 try{
16 xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
17 }catch(e){
18 xmlHttp = false;
19 }
20 }
21 }
22 return xmlHttp; 
23 }
24 
25 var ajax = null;
26 function getCity(province_id){
27 ajax = createAjax();
28 ajax.onreadystatechange=function(){
29 if(ajax.readyState == 4){
30 if(ajax.status == 200){ 
31 var cities = ajax.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("city");
32 $('city').length = 0;
33 var myoption = document.createElement("option");
34 myoption.value = "";
35 myoption.innerText = "--请选择城市--";
36 $('city').appendChild(myoption);
37 for(var i=0;i<cities.length;i++){
38 var city_id = cities[i].childNodes[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue;
39 var city_name = cities[i].childNodes[1].childNodes[0].nodeValue;
40 var myoption = document.createElement("option");
41 myoption.value = city_id;
42 myoption.innerText = city_name;
43 $('city').appendChild(myoption);
44 }
45 }
46 }
47 }
48  
49 ajax.open("post","selectPro.php",true);
50 ajax.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
51 ajax.send("province_id="+province_id);
52  
53 }
54  
55 function getCounty(city_id){
56 ajax = createAjax();
57 ajax.onreadystatechange=function(){
58 if(ajax.readyState == 4){
59 if(ajax.status == 200){
60  
61 var cities = ajax.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("county");
62 $('county').length = 0;
63 var myoption = document.createElement("option");
64 myoption.value = "";
65 myoption.innerText = "--请选择县--";
66 $('county').appendChild(myoption);
67 for(var i=0;i<cities.length;i++){
68 var city_id = cities[i].childNodes[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue;
69 var city_name = cities[i].childNodes[1].childNodes[0].nodeValue;
70 var myoption = document.createElement("option");
71 myoption.value = city_id;
72 myoption.innerText = city_name;
73 $('county').appendChild(myoption);
74 }
75 }
76 }
77 }
78 ajax.open("post","selectPro.php",true);
79 ajax.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
80 ajax.send("city_id="+city_id);
81 }
82  
83 function $(id){
84 return document.getElementById(id);
85 }
86  
87 </script>
88 </head> 
89 <body>
90 <form name="location">
91 <select name="province" onchange="getCity(this.value)">
92 <option value="">-- 请选择省份--</option>
93 <?php
94 $conn = mysql_connect("localhost","root","");
95 mysql_select_db("test");
96 mysql_query("set names utf8");
97 $sql = "select * from province"; 
98 $result = mysql_query( $sql ); 
99 while($res = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)){ 
100 ?> 
101 <option value="<?php echo $res['province_id']; ?>"><?php echo $res['province_name']?></option> 
102 <?php
103 } 
104 ?>
105 </select>
106  
107 <select name="city" id="city" onChange="getCounty(this.value)">
108 <option value="">--请选择城市--</option>
109 </select>
110  
111 <select name="county" id="county">
112 <option value="">--请选择县--</option>
113 </select>
114 </form>
115 </body>
116 </html>

创建selectPro.php页面：

117 <?php
118 //禁止缓存(www.phpddt.com原创)
119 header("Content-type:text/xml; charset=utf-8");
120 header("Cache-Control:no-cache");
121 //数据库连接
122 $conn = mysql_connect("localhost","root","");
123 mysql_select_db("test");
124 mysql_query("set names utf8");
125 
126 if(!empty($_POST['province_id'])){
127 
128 $province_id = $_POST['province_id'];
129 $sql = "select * from city where province_id = {$province_id}";
130 $query = mysql_query($sql);
131 $info = "<province>";
132 while($res = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)){
133 $info .= "<city>";
134 $info .= "<city_id>".$res['city_id']."</city_id>";
135 $info .= "<city_name>".$res['city_name']."</city_name>";
136 $info .= "</city>";
137 }
138 $info .= "</province>";
139 echo $info;
140 }
141 
142 if(!empty($_POST['city_id'])){
143 
144 $city_id = $_POST['city_id'];
145 $sql = "select * from county where city_id = {$city_id}";
146 $query = mysql_query($sql);
147 $info = "<city>";
148 while($res = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)){
149 $info .= "<county>";
150 $info .= "<county_id>".$res['county_id']."</county_id>";
151 $info .= "<county_name>".$res['county_name']."</county_name>";
152 $info .= "</county>";
153 }
154 $info .= "</city>";
155 echo $info;
156 }
157 ?>

界面如下：

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