Android音视频开发之音频录制和播放

1.封装音频录制工具类：

public class RecorderAudioManagerUtils {private static volatile RecorderAudioManagerUtils mInstance;public static RecorderAudioManagerUtils getInstance() {if (mInstance == null) {synchronized (RecorderAudioManagerUtils.class) {if (mInstance == null) {mInstance = new RecorderAudioManagerUtils();}}}return mInstance;}}

2.音频录制方法：

    public void startRecord(WeakReference<Context> weakReference) {this.weakReference = weakReference;Log.e(TAG, "开始录音");//生成PCM文件String fileName = DateFormat.format("yyyy-MMdd-HHmmss", Calendar.getInstance(Locale.getDefault())) + ".pcm";File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "/ACC音频/");if (!file.exists()) {file.mkdir();}String audioSaveDir = file.getAbsolutePath();Log.e(TAG, audioSaveDir);recordFile = new File(audioSaveDir, fileName);Log.e(TAG, "生成文件" + recordFile);//如果存在，就先删除再创建if (recordFile.exists()) {recordFile.delete();Log.e(TAG, "删除文件");}try {recordFile.createNewFile();Log.e(TAG, "创建文件");} catch (IOException e) {Log.e(TAG, "未能创建");throw new IllegalStateException("未能创建" + recordFile.toString());}if (filePathList.size() == 2) {filePathList.clear();}filePathList.add(recordFile);try {//输出流OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(recordFile);BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os);DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bos);int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding);if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(weakReference.get(), Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {return;}audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSize);short[] buffer = new short[bufferSize];audioRecord.startRecording();Log.e(TAG, "开始录音");isRecording = true;while (isRecording) {int bufferReadResult = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);for (int i = 0; i < bufferReadResult; i++) {dos.writeShort(buffer[i]);}}audioRecord.stop();dos.close();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();Log.e(TAG, "录音失败");showToast("录音失败");}}

3.播放音频方法:

public void playPcm(boolean isChecked) {try {if (isChecked) {//两首一起播放for (File recordFiles : filePathList) {threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> playPcmData(recordFiles));}} else {//只播放最后一次录音playPcmData(recordFile);}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
}

4.播放pcm流边录边播：

/*** 播放Pcm流,边读取边播*/
public void playPcmData(File recordFiles) {Log.e(TAG, "打印线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName());try {DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(recordFiles)));//最小缓存区int bufferSizeInBytes = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, audioEncoding);AudioTrack player = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSizeInBytes, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);short[] data = new short[bufferSizeInBytes];//开始播放player.play();while (true) {int i = 0;while (dis.available() > 0 && i < data.length) {data[i] = dis.readShort();i++;}player.write(data, 0, data.length);//表示读取完了if (i != bufferSizeInBytes) {player.stop();//停止播放player.release();//释放资源dis.close();showToast("播放完成了！！！");break;}}} catch (Exception e) {Log.e(TAG, "播放异常: " + e.getMessage());showToast("播放异常！！！！");e.printStackTrace();}
}

5.播放所有音频方法：

    public void playAllRecord() {if (recordFile == null) {return;}//读取文件int musicLength = (int) (recordFile.length() / 2);short[] music = new short[musicLength];try {InputStream is = new FileInputStream(recordFile);BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bis);int i = 0;while (dis.available() > 0) {music[i] = dis.readShort();i++;}dis.close();AudioTrack audioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, channelConfiguration, audioEncoding, musicLength * 2, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);audioTrack.play();audioTrack.write(music, 0, musicLength);audioTrack.stop();} catch (Throwable t) {Log.e(TAG, "播放失败");showToast("播放失败");}}

6.设置是否录音方法：

public void setRecord(boolean isRecording) {this.isRecording = isRecording;
}

7.暂停播放音频方法：

    public void pauseAudio(){if(audioRecord != null ){audioRecord.stop();}}

8.回收资源和播放器方法：

    public void releaseAudio(){if(audioRecord != null){audioRecord.release();}if(handler != null){handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);}if(threadPoolExecutor != null){threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();}}

9.音频播放、文件读写权限申请：

    private void afterPermissions() {// Marshmallow开始才用申请运行时权限if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permissions[i]) !=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {mPermissionList.add(permissions[i]);}}if (!mPermissionList.isEmpty()) {String[] permissions = mPermissionList.toArray(new String[mPermissionList.size()]);ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST);}}}

10.调用开始录音：

       btnRecord.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {buttonEnabled(false, true, true);Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始录音", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().startRecord(new WeakReference<>(getApplicationContext()));});}});

11.调用播放音频:

       btnPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().playPcm(true);buttonEnabled(false, false, true);}});

12.调用停止录音：

        btnStop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {new Handler().post(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {buttonEnabled(true, true, false);Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "停止录音", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();}});}});

13.设置录音、播放、停止按钮状态：

private void buttonEnabled(boolean record, boolean play, boolean stop) {btnRecord.setEnabled(record);btnPlay.setEnabled(play);btnStop.setEnabled(stop);
}

14.布局文件代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".MainActivity"><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_record"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="录制音频"app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/btn_play"app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" /><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_play"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="播放音频"app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/btn_stop"app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/btn_record"app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" /><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_stop"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="停止录制"app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/btn_play"app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

15.布局预览效果如下：

16.完整MainActivity代码:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private Button btnRecord,btnPlay,btnStop;ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5,1, TimeUnit.MINUTES,new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10),Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());private String[] permissions = new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};/*** 被用户拒绝的权限列表*/private List<String> mPermissionList = new ArrayList<>();private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST = 1001;private final String TAG = MainActivity.this.getClass().getSimpleName();@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);afterPermissions();initView();}private void afterPermissions() {// Marshmallow开始才用申请运行时权限if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permissions[i]) !=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {mPermissionList.add(permissions[i]);}}if (!mPermissionList.isEmpty()) {String[] permissions = mPermissionList.toArray(new String[mPermissionList.size()]);ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST);}}}private void initView() {btnRecord = findViewById(R.id.btn_record);btnPlay = findViewById(R.id.btn_play);btnStop = findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);btnRecord.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {buttonEnabled(false, true, true);Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始录音", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().startRecord(new WeakReference<>(getApplicationContext()));});}});btnPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().playPcm(true);buttonEnabled(false, false, true);}});btnStop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {new Handler().post(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {buttonEnabled(true, true, false);Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "停止录音", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();}});}});}private void buttonEnabled(boolean record, boolean play, boolean stop) {btnRecord.setEnabled(record);btnPlay.setEnabled(play);btnStop.setEnabled(stop);}@Overrideprotected void onStop() {super.onStop();RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();RecorderAudioManagerUtils.getInstance().releaseAudio();}@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);boolean allGranted = true;for (int results : grantResults) {allGranted &= results == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;}if (allGranted) {afterPermissions();} else {Toast.makeText(this, "请打开特殊权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();}}}

17.工具类完整代码如下：

package com.example.audiorecorddemo.utils;import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.media.AudioFormat;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.media.AudioRecord;
import android.media.AudioTrack;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.text.format.DateFormat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/*** @author: njb* @date: 2023/2/25 18:29* @desc:*/
public class RecorderAudioManagerUtils {private static final String TAG = "PlayManagerUtils";private WeakReference<Context> weakReference;private File recordFile;private boolean isRecording;/*** 最多只能存2条记录*/private final List<File> filePathList = new ArrayList<>(2);/*** 16K采集率*/int sampleRateInHz = 16000;/*** 格式*/int channelConfiguration = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;/*** 16Bit*/int audioEncoding = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;private static volatile RecorderAudioManagerUtils mInstance;private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());AudioRecord audioRecord;ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10));public static RecorderAudioManagerUtils getInstance() {if (mInstance == null) {synchronized (RecorderAudioManagerUtils.class) {if (mInstance == null) {mInstance = new RecorderAudioManagerUtils();}}}return mInstance;}public void startRecord(WeakReference<Context> weakReference) {this.weakReference = weakReference;Log.e(TAG, "开始录音");//生成PCM文件String fileName = DateFormat.format("yyyy-MMdd-HHmmss", Calendar.getInstance(Locale.getDefault())) + ".pcm";File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "/ACC音频/");if (!file.exists()) {file.mkdir();}String audioSaveDir = file.getAbsolutePath();Log.e(TAG, audioSaveDir);recordFile = new File(audioSaveDir, fileName);Log.e(TAG, "生成文件" + recordFile);//如果存在，就先删除再创建if (recordFile.exists()) {recordFile.delete();Log.e(TAG, "删除文件");}try {recordFile.createNewFile();Log.e(TAG, "创建文件");} catch (IOException e) {Log.e(TAG, "未能创建");throw new IllegalStateException("未能创建" + recordFile.toString());}if (filePathList.size() == 2) {filePathList.clear();}filePathList.add(recordFile);try {//输出流OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(recordFile);BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os);DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bos);int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding);if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(weakReference.get(), Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {return;}audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSize);short[] buffer = new short[bufferSize];audioRecord.startRecording();Log.e(TAG, "开始录音");isRecording = true;while (isRecording) {int bufferReadResult = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);for (int i = 0; i < bufferReadResult; i++) {dos.writeShort(buffer[i]);}}audioRecord.stop();dos.close();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();Log.e(TAG, "录音失败");showToast("录音失败");}}/*** 播放pcm流的方法,一次性读取所有Pcm流，读完后在开始播放*/public void playAllRecord() {if (recordFile == null) {return;}//读取文件int musicLength = (int) (recordFile.length() / 2);short[] music = new short[musicLength];try {InputStream is = new FileInputStream(recordFile);BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(bis);int i = 0;while (dis.available() > 0) {music[i] = dis.readShort();i++;}dis.close();AudioTrack audioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, channelConfiguration, audioEncoding, musicLength * 2, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);audioTrack.play();audioTrack.write(music, 0, musicLength);audioTrack.stop();} catch (Throwable t) {Log.e(TAG, "播放失败");showToast("播放失败");}}public void playPcm(boolean isChecked) {try {if (isChecked) {//两首一起播放for (File recordFiles : filePathList) {threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> playPcmData(recordFiles));}} else {//只播放最后一次录音playPcmData(recordFile);}}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 播放Pcm流,边读取边播*/public void playPcmData(File recordFiles) {Log.e(TAG, "打印线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName());try {DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(recordFiles)));//最小缓存区int bufferSizeInBytes = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, audioEncoding);AudioTrack player = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSizeInBytes, AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);short[] data = new short[bufferSizeInBytes];//开始播放player.play();while (true) {int i = 0;while (dis.available() > 0 && i < data.length) {data[i] = dis.readShort();i++;}player.write(data, 0, data.length);//表示读取完了if (i != bufferSizeInBytes) {player.stop();//停止播放player.release();//释放资源dis.close();showToast("播放完成了！！！");break;}}} catch (Exception e) {Log.e(TAG, "播放异常: " + e.getMessage());showToast("播放异常！！！！");e.printStackTrace();}}public File getRecordFile() {return recordFile;}public void setRecord(boolean isRecording) {this.isRecording = isRecording;}public void pauseAudio(){if(audioRecord != null ){audioRecord.stop();}}public void releaseAudio(){if(audioRecord != null){audioRecord.release();}if(handler != null){handler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);}if(threadPoolExecutor != null){threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();}}private void showToast(String msg) {if(weakReference.get() != null){handler.post(() -> Toast.makeText(weakReference.get(), msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show());}}}

18.项目源码地址如下：

https://gitee.com/jackning_admin/audio-record-demo-a

19.总结：

后面会放上类图和录音播放的效果，如果小伙伴们感兴趣可以自行尝试一下，下一篇会实现把录制的pcm流转成aac格式，总结遇到的问题和解决方法.写文章不易，且行且珍惜，喜欢的小伙伴们点赞转发，若有问题及时留言！