linux console是什么文件
linux console是一个为内核提供打印的缓冲文件。
linux系统下的打印机无法打印怎么解决？
点击屏幕左下角的“开始”按钮，从弹出的菜单列表中选择“打印机和传真”；
在打开的“打印机和传真”窗口中单击左侧的“添加打印机”命令；
接着会弹出“添加打印机向导”对话框，单击“下一步”按钮继续；
一般我们是选择第一项，使用网络打印机也更多的选.
Linux是一套免费使用和自由传播的类Unix操作系统，是一个基于POSIX和UNIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。它能运行主要的UNIX工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。
它支持32位和64位硬件。Linux继承了Unix以网络为核心的设计思想，是一个性能稳定的多用户网络操作系统。
Linux操作系统诞生于1991 年10 月5 日（这是第一次正式向外公布时间）。Linux存在着许多不同的Linux版本，但它们都使用了Linux内核。
Linux可安装在各种计算机硬件设备中，比如手机、平板电脑、路由器、视频游戏控制台、台式计算机、大型机和超级计算机。
严格来讲，Linux这个词本身只表示Linux内核，但实际上人们已经习惯了用Linux来形容整个基于Linux内核，并且使用GNU 工程各种工具和数据库的操作系统。
在Linux下查自己的IP怎么查？
可以使用ifconfig命令查看IP。
ifconfig命令用于配置和显示Linux内核中网络接口的网络参数。
输入ifconfig，会打印出网络接口的参数，除了IP地址还会打印出物理地址、掩码地址等网络接口相关参数.
linux dmesg命令详解？
linux dmesg命令参数及用法详解(linux显示开机信息命令)
功能说明：显示开机信息。
语 法：dmesg
补充说明：kernel会将开机信息存储在ring buffer中。您若是开机时来不及查看信息，可利用dmesg来查看。开机信息亦保存在/var/log目录中，名称为dmesg的文件里。
参 数：
-c 显示信息后，清除ring buffer中的内容。
-s<缓冲区大小> 预设置为8196，刚好等于ring buffer的大小。
-n 设置记录信息的层级。扩展阅读一:dmesg命令主要用途
主要应用：
dmesg用来显示内核环缓冲区（kernel-ring buffer）内容，内核将各种消息存放在这里。在系统引导时，内核将与硬件和模块初始化相关的信息填到这个缓冲区中。内核环缓冲区中的消息对于诊断系统问题 通常非常有用。在运行dmesg时，它显示大量信息。通常通过less或grep使用管道查看dmesg的输出，这样可以更容易找到待查信息。例如，如果发现硬盘性能低下，可以使用dmesg来检查它们是否运行在DMA模式：
$dmesg | grep DMA
…
ide0: BM-DMA at 0xf000-0xf007, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:DMA
ide1: BM-DMA at 0xf008-0xf00f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:DMA
…上面几行可以说明每个IDE设备正在什么模式下运行。如果以太网连接出现问题，那么可以在dmesg日志中搜索eth：
$dmesg | grep eth
forcedeth.c: Reverse Engineered nForce
ethernet driver. Version 0.49.
eth0: forcedeth.c: subsystem: 0147b:1c00
bound to 0000:00:04.0
eth0: no IPv6 routers present如果一切正常，那么dmesg显示每个网卡的硬件配置信息。如果某项系统服务未能得到正确的配置，dmesg日志很快就填满错误消息，这是诊断故障的良好起点。
还可以用来探测系统内核模块的加载情况，比如要检测ACPI的加载情况，使用dmesg | grep acpi
dmesg |egrep -i ”(apm|acpi)”
Kernel command line: vga=274 quiet console=ttyS3,9600acpi=no-idleoot=/dev/hda3
ACPI: Core Subsystem version
ACPI: Subsystem enabled
ACPI: System firmware supports: C2
ACPI: plvl2lat=99 plvl3lat=1001
ACPI: C2 enter=1417 C2 exit=354
ACPI: C3 enter=-1 C3 exit=-1
ACPI: Not using ACPI idle
ACPI: System firmware supports: S0 S1 S4 S5
扩展阅读二：dmesg命令使用示例
使用示例
示例一 将开机信息发邮件
man dmesg 写道
The program helps users to print out their bootup messages. Instead of copying the messages by hand, the user need only:
dmesg > boot.messages
and mail the boot.messages file to whoever can debug their problem.
# dmesg >boot.messages
# ls -l boot.messages
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 15838 12-09 12 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting
15838 12-09 12 免费 end_of_the_skype_highlighting:55 boot.messages# mail -s “Boot Log of Linux Server” public@web3q.net <boot.messages
#示例二 浏览dmesg输出的信息
# uname -a
Linux new55 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux# dmesg | less
Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000010000 – 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 – 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 – 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 – 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7d0000 – 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7efc00 – 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7fb000 – 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 – 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 – 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fed20000 – 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000feda0000 – 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ffb00000 – 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 – 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
503MB LOWMEM available.
Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling kdump
Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection
On node 0 totalpages: 128976
DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone: 124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.
Using APIC driver default
ACPI: RSDP (v000 HP ) @ 0x000fe270
ACPI: RSDT (v001 HP 30C4 0x31100620 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc84
ACPI: FADT (v002 HP 30C4 0x00000002 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc00
ACPI: MADT (v001 HP 30C4 0x00000001 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efcb8
ACPI: MCFG (v001 HP 30C4 0x00000001 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efd14
ACPI: SSDT (v001 HP HPQPpc 0x00001001 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x1f7f6698
ACPI: DSDT (v001 HP DAU00 0x00010000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfec01000
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id lapic_id enabled)
Processor #0 6:13 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id high edge lint)
ACPI: IOAPIC (id address gsi_base)
IOAPIC: apic_id 1, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
:
示例三 查看dmesg尾部的信息
# dmesg | tail
Bluetooth: L2CAP ver 2.8
Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.8
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.1
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
NFSD: Using /var/lib/nfs/v4recovery as the NFSv4 state recovery directory
NFSD: starting 90-second grace period
#
示例四 安装SS7卡驱动时的内核日志
# cd SS7HD_DRIVER/
# ls
bbdddlnx_iss.h bbd_hbi.h bbd_ioc.c bbd_isr.c bbd_pci.c BSD_license.txt GPL_V2-only_license.txt install_ss7hd.sh Makefile26
bbd_def.h bbd_hs.c bbd_ioc.h bbd_lnx.c bbd_pro.h build_ss7hd.sh i21555.h Makefile24
# ./build_ss7hd.sh
make: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.9-22.EL-i686′
CC /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_hs.o
CC /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_ioc.o
CC /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_isr.o
CC /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_pci.o
CC /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_lnx.o
LD /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST
CC /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.mod.o
LD /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.ko
make: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.9-22.EL-i686’http://www.linuxso.com/command/dmesg.html# ./install_ss7hd.sh
# lsmod | grep ss7
ss7hddvr26 25808 0
# dmesg | tail
ACPI: PCI interrupt 0000:02:0d.0 -> GSI 9 (level, low) -> IRQ 9
BBD 64bit
SS7HD – suspend
Dialogic SS7HD Device Driver V100.00 (Source V1.21)
Copyright (C) Dialogic Corporation 2003-2010. All Rights Reserved
Using major device number 251.
ACPI: PCI interrupt 0000:02:0d.0 -> GSI 9 (level, low) -> IRQ 9
BBD 64bit
# ./install_ss7hd.sh remove
# lsmod | grep ss7
# dmesg | tail
BBD 64bit
SS7HD – suspend
Dialogic SS7HD Device Driver V100.00 (Source V1.21)
Copyright (C) Dialogic Corporation 2003-2010. All Rights Reserved
Using major device number 251.
ACPI: PCI interrupt 0000:02:0d.0 -> GSI 9 (level, low) -> IRQ 9
BBD 64bit
SS7HD – suspend
#
示例五 打印并清除内核环形缓冲区
# dmesg -c
Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000010000 – 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 – 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 – 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 – 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7d0000 – 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7efc00 – 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7fb000 – 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 – 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 – 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fed20000 – 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000feda0000 – 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ffb00000 – 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 – 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
503MB LOWMEM available.
Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling kdump
Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection
On node 0 totalpages: 128976
DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone: 124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.省略输出
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.1
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
NFSD: Using /var/lib/nfs/v4recovery as the NFSv4 state recovery directory
NFSD: starting 90-second grace period
# dmesg# less /var/log/dmesg
Linux version 2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000010000 – 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 – 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 – 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 – 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7d0000 – 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7efc00 – 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001f7fb000 – 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 – 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 – 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fed20000 – 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000feda0000 – 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ffb00000 – 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 – 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
503MB LOWMEM available.
Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling kdump
Using x86 segment limits to approximate NX protection
On node 0 totalpages: 128976
DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone: 124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.
Using APIC driver default
ACPI: RSDP (v000 HP ) @ 0x000fe270
ACPI: RSDT (v001 HP 30C4 0x31100620 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc84
ACPI: FADT (v002 HP 30C4 0x00000002 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc00
ACPI: MADT (v001 HP 30C4 0x00000001 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efcb8
ACPI: MCFG (v001 HP 30C4 0x00000001 HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efd14
ACPI: SSDT (v001 HP HPQPpc 0x00001001 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x1f7f6698
ACPI: DSDT (v001 HP DAU00 0x00010000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfec01000
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id lapic_id enabled)
Processor #0 6:13 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id high edge lint)
ACPI: IOAPIC (id address gsi_base)
IOAPIC: apic_id 1, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
#
怎样屏蔽linux内核printk( ) 打印信息？
echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
将打印输出的优先级提高到最高