安装完hadoop后，在hadoop的bin目录下有一系列命令：
container-executor hadoop hadoop.cmd hdfs hdfs.cmd mapred mapred.cmd rcc test-container-executor yarn yarn.cmd
知道这些命令有助于理解hadoop的概念，命令如下：
1. hadoop 命令帮助
bin/hadoop -help Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMANDwhere COMMAND is one of:fs run a generic filesystem user clientversion print the versionjar <jar> run a jar filechecknative [-a|-h] check native hadoop and compression libraries availabilitydistcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursivelyarchive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archiveclasspath prints the class path needed to get thecredential interact with credential providersHadoop jar and the required librariesdaemonlog get/set the log level for each daemontrace view and modify Hadoop tracing settingsorCLASSNAME run the class named CLASSNAMEMost commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
1.1 hadoop fs命令帮助
bin/hadoop fs -help Usage: hadoop fs [generic options][-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>][-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...][-checksum <src> ...][-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...][-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...][-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...][-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst>][-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>][-count [-q] [-h] <path> ...][-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> ... <dst>][-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]][-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>][-df [-h] [<path> ...]][-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...][-expunge][-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>][-getfacl [-R] <path>][-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>][-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>][-help [cmd ...]][-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]][-mkdir [-p] <path> ...][-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>][-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>][-mv <src> ... <dst>][-put [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst>][-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>][-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...][-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...][-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]][-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>][-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...][-stat [format] <path> ...][-tail [-f] <file>][-test -[defsz] <path>][-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...][-touchz <path> ...][-usage [cmd ...]]-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst> :Appends the contents of all the given local files to the given dst file. The dstfile will be created if it does not exist. If <localSrc> is -, then the input isread from stdin.-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ... :Fetch all files that match the file pattern <src> and display their content onstdout.-checksum <src> ... :Dump checksum information for files that match the file pattern <src> to stdout.Note that this requires a round-trip to a datanode storing each block of thefile, and thus is not efficient to run on a large number of files. The checksumof a file depends on its content, block size and the checksum algorithm andparameters used for creating the file.-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH... :This is equivalent to -chown ... :GROUP ...-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH... :Changes permissions of a file. This works similar to the shell's chmod command with a few exceptions.-R modifies the files recursively. This is the only option currently supported. <MODE> Mode is the same as mode used for the shell's command. The only letters recognized are 'rwxXt', e.g. +t,a+r,g-w,+rwx,o=r. <OCTALMODE> Mode specifed in 3 or 4 digits. If 4 digits, the first may be 1 or0 to turn the sticky bit on or off, respectively. Unlike the shell command, it is not possible to specify only part of the mode, e.g. 754 is same as u=rwx,g=rx,o=r. If none of 'augo' is specified, 'a' is assumed and unlike the shell command, noumask is applied.-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH... :Changes owner and group of a file. This is similar to the shell's chown command with a few exceptions.-R modifies the files recursively. This is the only option currently supported. If only the owner or group is specified, then only the owner or group ismodified. The owner and group names may only consist of digits, alphabet, andany of [-_./@a-zA-Z0-9]. The names are case sensitive.WARNING: Avoid using '.' to separate user name and group though Linux allows it.If user names have dots in them and you are using local file system, you mightsee surprising results since the shell command 'chown' is used for local files.-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst> :Identical to the -put command.-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst> :Identical to the -get command.-count [-q] [-h] <path> ... :Count the number of directories, files and bytes under the pathsthat match the specified file pattern. The output columns are:DIR_COUNT FILE_COUNT CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAME orQUOTA REMAINING_QUOTA SPACE_QUOTA REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA DIR_COUNT FILE_COUNT CONTENT_SIZE FILE_NAMEThe -h option shows file sizes in human readable format.-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> ... <dst> :Copy files that match the file pattern <src> to a destination. When copyingmultiple files, the destination must be a directory. Passing -p preserves status[topax] (timestamps, ownership, permission, ACLs, XAttr). If -p is specifiedwith no <arg>, then preserves timestamps, ownership, permission. If -pa isspecified, then preserves permission also because ACL is a super-set ofpermission. Passing -f overwrites the destination if it already exists. rawnamespace extended attributes are preserved if (1) they are supported (HDFSonly) and, (2) all of the source and target pathnames are in the /.reserved/rawhierarchy. raw namespace xattr preservation is determined solely by the presence(or absence) of the /.reserved/raw prefix and not by the -p option.-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>] :Create a snapshot on a directory-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName> :Delete a snapshot from a directory-df [-h] [<path> ...] :Shows the capacity, free and used space of the filesystem. If the filesystem hasmultiple partitions, and no path to a particular partition is specified, thenthe status of the root partitions will be shown.-h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a numberof bytes. -du [-s] [-h] <path> ... :Show the amount of space, in bytes, used by the files that match the specifiedfile pattern. The following flags are optional:-s Rather than showing the size of each individual file that matches the pattern, shows the total (summary) size. -h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a numberof bytes. Note that, even without the -s option, this only shows size summaries one leveldeep into a directory.The output is in the form size name(full path)-expunge :Empty the Trash-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst> :Copy files that match the file pattern <src> to the local name. <src> is kept. When copying multiple files, the destination must be a directory. Passing -ppreserves access and modification times, ownership and the mode.-getfacl [-R] <path> :Displays the Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. If adirectory has a default ACL, then getfacl also displays the default ACL.-R List the ACLs of all files and directories recursively. <path> File or directory to list. -getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path> :Displays the extended attribute names and values (if any) for a file ordirectory.-R Recursively list the attributes for all files and directories. -n name Dump the named extended attribute value. -d Dump all extended attribute values associated with pathname. -e <encoding> Encode values after retrieving them.Valid encodings are "text", "hex", and "base64". Values encoded as text strings are enclosedin double quotes ("), and values encoded as hexadecimal and base64 are prefixed with 0x and 0s, respectively. <path> The file or directory. -getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst> :Get all the files in the directories that match the source file pattern andmerge and sort them to only one file on local fs. <src> is kept.-nl Add a newline character at the end of each file. -help [cmd ...] :Displays help for given command or all commands if none is specified.-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...] :List the contents that match the specified file pattern. If path is notspecified, the contents of /user/<currentUser> will be listed. Directory entriesare of the form:permissions - userId groupId sizeOfDirectory(in bytes)modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) directoryNameand file entries are of the form:permissions numberOfReplicas userId groupId sizeOfFile(in bytes)modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) fileName-d Directories are listed as plain files. -h Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a numberof bytes. -R Recursively list the contents of directories. -mkdir [-p] <path> ... :Create a directory in specified location.-p Do not fail if the directory already exists -moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst> :Same as -put, except that the source is deleted after it's copied.-moveToLocal <src> <localdst> :Not implemented yet-mv <src> ... <dst> :Move files that match the specified file pattern <src> to a destination <dst>. When moving multiple files, the destination must be a directory.-put [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst> :Copy files from the local file system into fs. Copying fails if the file alreadyexists, unless the -f flag is given.Flags:-p Preserves access and modification times, ownership and the mode. -f Overwrites the destination if it already exists. -l Allow DataNode to lazily persist the file to disk. Forces replication factor of 1. This flag will result in reduceddurability. Use with care.-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName> :Rename a snapshot from oldName to newName-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ... :Delete all files that match the specified file pattern. Equivalent to the Unixcommand "rm <src>"-skipTrash option bypasses trash, if enabled, and immediately deletes <src> -f If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or modify the exit status to reflect an error. -[rR] Recursively deletes directories -rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ... :Removes the directory entry specified by each directory argument, provided it isempty.-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>] :Sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories.Options:-b Remove all but the base ACL entries. The entries for user, group and others are retained for compatibility with permission bits. -k Remove the default ACL. -R Apply operations to all files and directories recursively. -m Modify ACL. New entries are added to the ACL, and existing entries are retained. -x Remove specified ACL entries. Other ACL entries are retained. --set Fully replace the ACL, discarding all existing entries. The <acl_spec> must include entries for user, group, and others for compatibility with permission bits. <acl_spec> Comma separated list of ACL entries. <path> File or directory to modify. -setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path> :Sets an extended attribute name and value for a file or directory.-n name The extended attribute name. -v value The extended attribute value. There are three different encoding methods for the value. If the argument is enclosed in double quotes, then the value is the string inside the quotes. If the argument is prefixed with 0x or 0X, then it is taken as a hexadecimal number. If the argument begins with 0s or 0S, then it is taken as a base64 encoding. -x name Remove the extended attribute. <path> The file or directory. -setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ... :Set the replication level of a file. If <path> is a directory then the commandrecursively changes the replication factor of all files under the directory treerooted at <path>.-w It requests that the command waits for the replication to complete. This can potentially take a very long time. -R It is accepted for backwards compatibility. It has no effect. -stat [format] <path> ... :Print statistics about the file/directory at <path> in the specified format.Format accepts filesize in blocks (%b), group name of owner(%g), filename (%n),block size (%o), replication (%r), user name of owner(%u), modification date(%y, %Y)-tail [-f] <file> :Show the last 1KB of the file.-f Shows appended data as the file grows. -test -[defsz] <path> :Answer various questions about <path>, with result via exit status.-d return 0 if <path> is a directory.-e return 0 if <path> exists.-f return 0 if <path> is a file.-s return 0 if file <path> is greater than zero bytes in size.-z return 0 if file <path> is zero bytes in size, else return 1.-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ... :Takes a source file and outputs the file in text format.The allowed formats are zip and TextRecordInputStream and Avro.-touchz <path> ... :Creates a file of zero length at <path> with current time as the timestamp ofthat <path>. An error is returned if the file exists with non-zero length-usage [cmd ...] :Displays the usage for given command or all commands if none is specified.Generic options supported are -conf <configuration file> specify an application configuration file -D <property=value> use value for given property -fs <local|namenode:port> specify a namenode -jt <local|resourcemanager:port> specify a ResourceManager -files <comma separated list of files> specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster -libjars <comma separated list of jars> specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath. -archives <comma separated list of archives> specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines.The general command line syntax is bin/hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]
例如：查看dfs文件目录
bin/hadoop fs -ls /
2. hdfs命令帮助
bin/hdfs -help Usage: hdfs [--config confdir] COMMANDwhere COMMAND is one of:dfs run a filesystem command on the file systems supported in Hadoop.namenode -format format the DFS filesystemsecondarynamenode run the DFS secondary namenodenamenode run the DFS namenodejournalnode run the DFS journalnodezkfc run the ZK Failover Controller daemondatanode run a DFS datanodedfsadmin run a DFS admin clienthaadmin run a DFS HA admin clientfsck run a DFS filesystem checking utilitybalancer run a cluster balancing utilityjmxget get JMX exported values from NameNode or DataNode.mover run a utility to move block replicas acrossstorage typesoiv apply the offline fsimage viewer to an fsimageoiv_legacy apply the offline fsimage viewer to an legacy fsimageoev apply the offline edits viewer to an edits filefetchdt fetch a delegation token from the NameNodegetconf get config values from configurationgroups get the groups which users belong tosnapshotDiff diff two snapshots of a directory or diff thecurrent directory contents with a snapshotlsSnapshottableDir list all snapshottable dirs owned by the current userUse -help to see optionsportmap run a portmap servicenfs3 run an NFS version 3 gatewaycacheadmin configure the HDFS cachecrypto configure HDFS encryption zonesstoragepolicies get all the existing block storage policiesversion print the versionMost commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
3. mapred命令帮助
bin/mapred -help Usage: mapred [--config confdir] COMMANDwhere COMMAND is one of:pipes run a Pipes jobjob manipulate MapReduce jobsqueue get information regarding JobQueuesclasspath prints the class path needed for runningmapreduce subcommandshistoryserver run job history servers as a standalone daemondistcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursivelyarchive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archivehsadmin job history server admin interfaceMost commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
4. yarn命令帮助
bin/yarn -help Usage: yarn [--config confdir] COMMAND where COMMAND is one of:resourcemanager -format-state-store deletes the RMStateStoreresourcemanager run the ResourceManagernodemanager run a nodemanager on each slavetimelineserver run the timeline serverrmadmin admin toolsversion print the versionjar <jar> run a jar fileapplication prints application(s)report/kill applicationapplicationattempt prints applicationattempt(s)reportcontainer prints container(s) reportnode prints node report(s)queue prints queue informationlogs dump container logsclasspath prints the class path needed toget the Hadoop jar and therequired librariesdaemonlog get/set the log level for eachdaemonorCLASSNAME run the class named CLASSNAME Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/davidwang456/p/5074108.html