c语言中read函数的用法?
函数原型定义:
ssize_t read (int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
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使用的头文件:
#include <unistd.h>
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函数的返回值说明:
(1)如果成功,返回读取的字节数;
(2)如果出错,返回-1并设置errno;
(3)如果在调read函数之前已是文件末尾,则返回0
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函数的参数【int fd】:
这个是文件指针
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函数的参数【void *buf】:
读上来的数据保存在缓冲区buf中,同时文件的当前读写位置向后移
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函数的参数【size_t count】:
是请求读取的字节数。若参数count 为0, 则read()不会有作用并返回0. 返回值为实际读取到的字节数, 如果返回0
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函数的使用注意事项:
如果顺利 read()会返回实际读到的字节数, 最好能将返回值与参数count 作比较, 若返回的字节数比要求读取的字节数少, 则有可能读到了文件尾
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read()函数使用的简单例子:#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <fcntl.h>main(){ int fd, size; char s = “Linux Programmer!n”, buffer; fd = open(“/tmp/temp”, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT); write(fd, s, sizeof(s)); close(fd); fd = open(“/tmp/temp”, O_RDONLY); size = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)); close(fd); printf(“%s”, buffer);}
linux下怎样进行摄像头编程?
在linux下所有设备都是文件。所以对摄像头的操作其实就是对文件的操作。USB摄像头的设备文件就是在/dev目录下的video0(假如只有一个摄像头)。在linux下操作摄像头就是使用v4l2对摄像头进行的操作,操作步骤如下
打开设备文件。
int fd=open(”/dev/video0″,O_RDWR);
2. 取得设备的capability,看看设备具有什么功能,比如是否具有输入,或者音频输入输出等。VIDIOC_QUERYCAP,struct v4l2_capability
v4l2_std_id std;
do {
ret= ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYSTD, std);
} while (ret == -1 errno == EAGAIN);
switch (std) {
case V4L2_STD_NTSC:
//……
case V4L2_STD_PAL:
//……
}
3. 选择输入,一个设备可以有多个输入。VIDIOC_S_INPUT,struct v4l2_input(可不要)
4. 设置的制式和帧格式,制式包括PAL,NTSC,帧的格式个包括宽度和高度等。
VIDIOC_S_STD,VIDIOC_S_FMT,struct v4l2_std_id,struct v4l2_format
struct v4l2_format fmt;
memset ( fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt) );
fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
fmt.fmt.pix.width = 320;
fmt.fmt.pix.height = 240;
fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG;
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, fmt) < 0)
{
printf(“set format failedn”);
//return 0;
}
5. 向驱动申请帧缓冲,一般不超过5个。struct v4l2_requestbuffers
struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
memset(req, 0, sizeof (req));
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_REQBUFS,req) == -1)
{
perror(“VIDIOC_REQBUFS error n”);
//return -1;
}
6.申请物理内存
将申请到的帧缓冲映射到用户空间,这样就可以直接操作采集到的帧了,而不必去复制。将申请到的帧缓冲全部入队列,以便存放采集到的数据.VIDIOC_QBUF,struct v4l2_buffer
VideoBuffer* buffers = calloc( req.count, sizeof(VideoBuffer) );
printf(“sizeof(VideoBuffer) is %dn”,sizeof(VideoBuffer));
struct v4l2_buffer buf;
for (numBufs = 0; numBufs < req.count; numBufs++)
{
memset( buf, 0, sizeof(buf) );
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = numBufs;
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, buf) < 0)
{
printf(“VIDIOC_QUERYBUF errorn”);
//return -1;
}
printf(“buf len is %dn”,sizeof(buf));
//内存映射
buffers.length = buf.length;
buffers.offset = (size_t) buf.m.offset;
buffers.start = mmap (NULL, buf.length,PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset);
printf(“buffers.length = %d,buffers.offset = %d ,buffers.start = %dn”,buffers.length,buffers.offset,buffers.start);
printf(“buf2 len is %dn”,sizeof(buffers.start));
if (buffers.start == MAP_FAILED)
{
perror(“buffers errorn”);
//return -1;
}
if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, buf) < 0)
{
printf(“VIDIOC_QBUF errorn”);
//return -1;
}
}
7. 开始的采集。
enum v4l2_buf_type type;
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, type) < 0)
{
printf(“VIDIOC_STREAMON errorn”);
// return -1;
}
8. 出队列以取得已采集数据的帧缓冲,取得原始采集数据。VIDIOC_DQBUF, 将缓冲重新入队列尾,这样可以循环采集。VIDIOC_QBUF
if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, buf) < 0)
{
perror(“VIDIOC_DQBUF failed.n”);
//return -1;
}
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
unsigned char *ptcur = buffers.start;
DEBUG(“buf.bytesused = %d n”,buf.bytesused);
int i1;
for(i1=0; i1<buf.bytesused; i1++)
{
if((buffers.start == 0xFF) (buffers.start == 0xC4))
{
DEBUG(“huffman table finded! nbuf.bytesused = %dnFFC4 = %d n”,buf.bytesused,i1);
break;
}
}
if(i1 == buf.bytesused)printf(“huffman table don’t exist! n”);
int i;
for(i=0; i<buf.bytesused; i++)
{
if((buffers.start == 0xFF) (buffers.start == 0xD8)) break;
ptcur++;
}
DEBUG(“i=%d,FF=%02x,D8=%02xn”,i,buffers.start,buffers.start);
int imagesize =buf.bytesused – i;
DEBUG(“buf.bytesused = %d n”,buf.bytesused);
DEBUG (“imagesize = %d n”,imagesize);
9. 停止的采集。VIDIOC_STREAMOFF
10. 关闭设备。close(fd);