虚拟机交叉编译openCV详细步骤及bug解决详解

目的：交叉编译openCV库，用于xilinx的MIZ7020的FPGA的片上ARM运行。

目录

一、安装依赖项

二、安装编译器

2.1 编译器安装与路径

2.2 环境变量配置

三、安装依赖库

3.1 下载依赖库

3.2 交叉编译依赖库

zlib的交叉编译为例：

流程

libjpeg的交叉编译

libpng的交叉编译

yasm的交叉编译

libx264的交叉编译

libxvid的交叉编译

ffmpeg的交叉编译

3.3 OpenCV依赖库复制到ARM编译器路径下

操作汇总：

四、OpenCV的交叉编译

4.1 获取OpenCV源码

4.2 设置工具链toolchain.cmake

4.3 配置openCV的cmake

4.4 修改cmakeCache.txt

4.5 交叉编译

出错一、libpng

出错二、gnu/stubs-32.h

出错三、unknow register name 'st' in 'asm'

4.6 隐患

五、移植到ARM上

5.1 配置pkg-config

5.2 配置shell

六、测试

6.1 bug 找不到头文件

6.2 bug找不到编译库

6.3 ARM板运行

参考资料：https://blog.csdn.net/ajianyingxiaoqinghan/article/details/70194392  此篇博文详细的给出了整个流程与经过，非常具有参考意义。感谢此博主。

交叉编译： https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/10916911?fr=aladdin

交叉编译openCV，步骤繁琐，依赖项多，变种复杂。并且我们的xilinx SDK的交叉编译工具可能与其他arm-linux工具不同，加之是在虚拟机上交叉编译，进一步增大了难度。所以需要广泛参考，每步详细记载，并且要有耐心。流程较长，务必不要出错。

我们的编译过程比其他博客出了更多的bug，非常难以解决，基本上每步都会遇到相应的bug，好在最后问题得到了解决。

一、安装依赖项

若不装依赖项，后续make时候会出现下面报错：

       FFMPEG:                        NO--      codec:                 NO--      format:                NO--      util:                  NO--      swscale:               NO--      gentoo-style:          NO

安装依赖项命令行：

sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev

但是出现了报错

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

解决方案   https://www.cnblogs.com/bing-yu12/p/6367894.html

https://blog.csdn.net/u011596455/article/details/60322568

完成安装。

二、安装编译器

2.1 编译器安装与路径

编译器已被装好，

编译器相关：https://www.cnblogs.com/deng-tao/p/6432578.html

编译工具命令行相关，路径等 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36474809/article/details/83342549

/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin
arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
gcc version 6.2.1 20161114 (Linaro GCC Snapshot 6.2-2016.11)

2.2 环境变量配置

环境变量配置之前我们需要确定相应的安装路径，注意，已经安装好的与以后安装的路径，一定要与这三个路径一致，以后所有涉及路径的操作，必须与你的路径一致。

在  /root/.bashrc 添加环境变量

       export PATH=$PATH:/mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin      arm编译器路径

       export OPENCV_DEPEND=/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend      opencv依赖库安装路径

       export OPENCV_INSTALL=/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install       opencv安装路径

export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabihf-

gedit /root/.bashrc

在/root/.bashrc最下方添加环境变量：

export PATH=$PATH:/mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin
export OPENCV_DEPEND=/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend
export OPENCV_INSTALL=/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-xilinx-linux-gnueabihf-

此时输入指令或重启电脑，使新的环境变量生效。输入指令如下：

source /root/.bashrc

检验环境变量生效的方法是：在root权限下，终端中输入arm，然后按Tab键，出现下面这些，表示环境变量添加成功：

root@osrc-virtual-machine:/# arm
arm2hpdl                        arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcov
arm-linux-gnueabihf-addr2line   arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcov-tool
arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar          arm-linux-gnueabihf-gdb
arm-linux-gnueabihf-as          arm-linux-gnueabihf-gprof
arm-linux-gnueabihf-c++         arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld
arm-linux-gnueabihf-c++filt     arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld.bfd
arm-linux-gnueabihf-cpp         arm-linux-gnueabihf-nm
arm-linux-gnueabihf-elfedit     arm-linux-gnueabihf-objcopy
arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++         arm-linux-gnueabihf-objdump
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc         arm-linux-gnueabihf-ranlib
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-6.2.1   arm-linux-gnueabihf-readelf
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-ar      arm-linux-gnueabihf-size
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-nm      arm-linux-gnueabihf-strings
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-ranlib  arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip

三、安装依赖库

3.1 下载依赖库

OpenCV交叉编译之前，首先需要对依赖库进行交叉编译。因为OpenCV依赖于很多库函数，如果在编译OpenCV之前没有编译依赖项，就会导致编译后的OpenCV无法使用。
OpenCV交叉编译时各个库的依赖关系如下所示：

OpenCVzlibjpeglibpngzlibtiffzlibffmpegx264xvidcore

下载依赖库：

注：再次，再次感谢下文博主，将相应安装包放在百度云盘上，为我节省了大量操作。 https://blog.csdn.net/ajianyingxiaoqinghan/article/details/70194392
1、本文所有操作都需要以root权限进行操作。
2、已有博主将其全部打包分享在百度云，百度云下载地址如下。
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1D40Jq0u1uAbL0mpuPV9_hQ 密码: idju

下载到的依赖库如下：

  • zlib-1.2.11
  • jpegsrc.v9b
  • libpng-1.6.29
  • yasm-1.3.0
  • x264-snapshot-20170415-2245
  • xvidcore_1.3.3.orig
  • ffmpeg-2.8.11

3.2 交叉编译依赖库

将依赖库下载到相应文件夹，解压。

后面所有的交叉编译操作，都需要进入依赖库解压的地址进行操作。

zlib的交叉编译为例：

./configure --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND

注意，运行此步之后必须再次修改makefile，按顺序运行

将makefile之中，改为相应的与我们的编译器一致的指令,此处注意两点，

  • 一是要用root来执行相应的make操作
  • g++行不通，编译时会有error报错，要用gcc
CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
AR=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar
RANLIB=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ranlib
LDSHARED=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libz.so.1,--version-script,zlib.map

然后进行make，make install

root@osrc-virtual-machine:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/Cross-Compile Packages/zlib-1.2.11# make
arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -I. -c -o example.o test/example.c
test/example.c:88:20: error: variable or field ‘test_compress’ declared voidvoid test_compress(compr, comprLen, uncompr, uncomprLen)^~~~~
test/example.c:88:20: error: ‘compr’ was not declared in this scope
test/example.c:88:27: error: ‘comprLen’ was not declared in this scopevoid test_compress(compr, comprLen, uncompr, uncomprLen)^~~~~~~~
test/example.c:88:37: error: ‘uncompr’ was not declared in this scopevoid test_compress(compr, comprLen, uncompr, uncomprLen)^~~~~~~
test/example.c:88:46: error: ‘uncomprLen’ was not declared in this scopevoid test_compress(compr, comprLen, uncompr, uncomprLen)^~~~~~~~~~
test/example.c:91:1: error: expected unqualified-id before ‘{’ token{^
Makefile:147: recipe for target 'example.o' failed
make: *** [example.o] Error 1
root@osrc-virtual-machine:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/Cross-Compile Packages/zlib-1.2.11# make
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -I. -c -o example.o test/example.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o adler32.o adler32.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o crc32.o crc32.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o deflate.o deflate.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o infback.o infback.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o inffast.o inffast.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o inflate.o inflate.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o inftrees.o inftrees.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o trees.o trees.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o zutil.o zutil.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o compress.o compress.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o uncompr.o uncompr.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o gzclose.o gzclose.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o gzlib.o gzlib.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o gzread.o gzread.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -c -o gzwrite.o gzwrite.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar rc libz.a adler32.o crc32.o deflate.o infback.o inffast.o inflate.o inftrees.o trees.o zutil.o compress.o uncompr.o gzclose.o gzlib.o gzread.o gzwrite.o 
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o example example.o -L. libz.a
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -I. -c -o minigzip.o test/minigzip.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o minigzip minigzip.o -L. libz.a
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/adler32.o adler32.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/crc32.o crc32.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/deflate.o deflate.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/infback.o infback.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/inffast.o inffast.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/inflate.o inflate.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/inftrees.o inftrees.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/trees.o trees.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/zutil.o zutil.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/compress.o compress.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/uncompr.o uncompr.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/gzclose.o gzclose.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/gzlib.o gzlib.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/gzread.o gzread.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN  -DPIC -c -o objs/gzwrite.o gzwrite.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libz.so.1,--version-script,zlib.map -O3 -fPIC -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o libz.so.1.2.11 adler32.lo crc32.lo deflate.lo infback.lo inffast.lo inflate.lo inftrees.lo trees.lo zutil.lo compress.lo uncompr.lo gzclose.lo gzlib.lo gzread.lo gzwrite.lo  -lc 
rm -f libz.so libz.so.1
ln -s libz.so.1.2.11 libz.so
ln -s libz.so.1.2.11 libz.so.1
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o examplesh example.o -L. libz.so.1.2.11
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o minigzipsh minigzip.o -L. libz.so.1.2.11
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -I. -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -c -o example64.o test/example.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o example64 example64.o -L. libz.a
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -I. -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -c -o minigzip64.o test/minigzip.c
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -O3 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DHAVE_HIDDEN -o minigzip64 minigzip64.o -L. libz.a
root@osrc-virtual-machine:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/Cross-Compile Packages/zlib-1.2.11# 
root@osrc-virtual-machine:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/Cross-Compile Packages/zlib-1.2.11# make install
rm -f /lib/libz.a
cp libz.a /lib
chmod 644 /lib/libz.a
cp libz.so.1.2.11 /lib
chmod 755 /lib/libz.so.1.2.11
rm -f /share/man/man3/zlib.3
cp zlib.3 /share/man/man3
chmod 644 /share/man/man3/zlib.3
rm -f /lib/pkgconfig/zlib.pc
cp zlib.pc /lib/pkgconfig
chmod 644 /lib/pkgconfig/zlib.pc
rm -f /include/zlib.h /include/zconf.h
cp zlib.h zconf.h /include
chmod 644 /include/zlib.h /include/zconf.h

做完之后文件夹会多出几个目录：

流程

解压，进入解压文件夹

./configure --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND

来确定安装的目录

然后更改makefile的编译器gedit Makefile

CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
AR=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar
RANLIB=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ranlib
LDSHARED=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libz.so.1,--version-script,zlib.map

最后make， make install

剩下几个库按照流程如法炮制

libjpeg的交叉编译

解压jpegsrc.v9b.tar.gz，进入文件夹

注意我们与原版博客的不同，我们的编译工具arm-linux-gnueabihf系列，不是原版的arm-linux

./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --enable-shared --enable-static
更改make文档（其实不用改，上面在config已经更改，点进去make文档会发现已经被更改过）
make
make install

运行成功标志：opencv-depend之中include文件夹多了jpeglib.h

libpng的交叉编译

解压libpng-1.6.29，进入文件夹

（此库交叉编译多次，此库依赖zlib库，所以必须想办法将zlib库交叉编译。一直以来的错误是此库无法找到zlib库。发现错误在于zlib之前的LDFLAGS之前需要加-L字符）

  377  sh cmake_arm_gnueabi_softfp.sh378  cd ..379  ls380  rm -r build_linux_arm_softfp381  pwd382  cd 383  cd ..384  su385  ./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --enable-shared386  $OPENCV_DEPEND387  echo $OPENCV_DEPEND388  ls $OPENCV_DEPEND389  ./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --enable-shared390  echo $OPENCV_DEPEND391  pwd392  ./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --enable-shared LDFLAGS=-L/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib

下面为尝试过的（错误写法）：

export LIBS=/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib CPPFLAGS=/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include

./configure –host=arm-linux-gnueabihf –prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND LIBS=/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib CPPFLAGS=/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include –enable-shared –enable-static

./configure –host=arm-linux-gnueabihf –prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc

但是会提示找不到zlib的路径，因此我们采用此方法：https://blog.csdn.net/youcijibi/article/details/76427725

./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --enable-shared --enable-static
make
make install

export LDFLAGS="/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib"（此处有误导致一直不通，应该在前面加一个-L）

export CPPFLAGS="/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include"

正确方法如下：

./configure –host=arm-linux-gnueabihf –prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND –enable-shared LDFLAGS=-L/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib

然后make，make install

yasm的交叉编译

解压，进入文件夹

CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc ./configure --enable-shared --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-asm --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND
make
make install

运行成功标志：opencv-depend之中include文件夹多了一个libyasm文件夹

libx264的交叉编译

解压last_x264.tar.bz2并进入文件夹

CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc ./configure --enable-shared --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-asm --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND
make
make install

运行成功标志：opencv-depend之中include文件夹多了一个x264_config.h文件

libxvid的交叉编译

解压文件xvidcore_1.3.3.orig.tar.gz，并进入文件夹及其子目录（注意此处与之前不同）

cd build/generic
./configure --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-assembly
make
make install

运行成功标志：opencv-depend之中include文件夹多了一个xvid.h文件

ffmpeg的交叉编译

解压ffmpeg-2.8.11.tar.gz，并进入文件夹（注意，需要为2.8版本，不要下载新的3.3版本！否则会编译出错）

./configure –prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND –enable-shared –disable-static –enable-gpl –enable-cross-compile –arch=arm –disable-stripping –target-os=linux –enable-libx264 –enable-libxvid –cc=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc –enable-swscale –extra-ldflags=-L$OPENCV_DEPEND/lib –extra-cflags=-I$OPENCV_DEPEND/include

然后make ，make install

此程序make时间较长。

运行成功后lib文件夹多出av系列函数。

至此，依赖库交叉编译完成。

3.3 OpenCV依赖库复制到ARM编译器路径下

需要将前面路径下的lib和include中所有文件分别拷贝到后面路径下的lib和include下。注意此处要按照我们的目录来修改。

/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend
/mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi
/mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf

命令行如下：

cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include/ /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/
cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib/ /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/

为保险起见，我们将子文件夹中的hf文件夹也多拷一份

cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include/ /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf
cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib/ /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf

即使进行了拷贝，但后面仍然有编译器找不到相应的lib的情况，再此后还会出相应的bug。因此，我们可能在后面需要指定相应的地方更改，在arm/openCV-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv-highgui.dir之中更改，这个后面会谈。

操作汇总：

  389  ./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --enable-shared390  echo $OPENCV_DEPEND391  pwd392  ./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --enable-shared LDFLAGS=-L/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib393  history394  make395  make install396  cd ..397  cd yasm-1.3.0398  ls399  CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc ./configure --enable-shared --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-asm --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND400  make401  make install402  CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc ./configure --enable-shared --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-asm --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND403  make404  make install405  cd ..406  ls407  cd x264-snapshot-20170415-2245/408  ls409  CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc ./configure --enable-shared --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-asm --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND410  make411  make install412  cd ..413  cd xvidcore414  ls415  cd xvidcore-1416  cd xvidcore-1.3.3/417  ls418  cd build/generic/419  ls420  ./configure --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --disable-assembly421  make422  make install423  cd ..424  ls425  cd ffmpeg-2.8.11426  ls427  ./configure --prefix=$OPENCV_DEPEND --enable-shared --disable-static --enable-gpl --enable-cross-compile --arch=arm --disable-stripping --target-os=linux --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --cc=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc --enable-swscale --extra-ldflags=-L$OPENCV_DEPEND/lib --extra-cflags=-I$OPENCV_DEPEND/include428  make429  make install430  cd /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend431  ls432  cd /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi433  ls434  cd arm-linux-gnueabihf/435  ls436  pwd437  ls438  cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include/ /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/439  cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib/ /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/440  cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include/ /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf441  cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib/ /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf442  cd /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9443  ls444  mkdir arm-build445  cd arm-build/446  ls447  gedit toolchain.cmake448  cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchain.cmake ../449  cmake-gui450  cd CMakeCache.txt 451  gedit CMakeCache.txt 452  make453  yum -y install glibc-devel454  sudo apt-get install g++-multilib455  cmake-gui456  gedit CMakeCache.txt 457  make

四、OpenCV的交叉编译

4.1 获取OpenCV源码

这里使用的是OpenCV 2.4.9版本，可以在官网上下载。
官网下载地址：http://opencv.org/releases.html

注：不带交叉编译，而是直接编译的openCV见此：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36474809/article/details/83373908

4.2 设置工具链toolchain.cmake

下载并解压OpenCV后，进入OpenCV 2.4.9的路径，并新建文件夹arm-build（与之前的build区分）：工程要在此文件夹下进行。

在arm-build文件夹中，用vim或gedit新建文件toolchain.cmake：

gedit toolchain.cmake

在里面添加下面内容：（路径内容要与自己的一致，编译工具链要与自己的一致）

###########user defined############# 
set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux ) 
set( CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm ) 
set( CMAKE_C_COMPILER arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc ) 
set( CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ ) 
###########user defined############# 
set( CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH "/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/" ) 
set( CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER ) 
set( CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY) 
set( CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY) 
######################################

 运行下面内容

cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchain.cmake ../

4.3 配置openCV的cmake

安装并运行cmake的gui（下文中路径好像有误，应该在arm-build之中运行）

root@osrc-virtual-machine:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/opencv-2.4.9/build# cmake-gui
The program 'cmake-gui' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
apt install cmake-qt-gui
root@osrc-virtual-machine:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/opencv-2.4.9/build# apt install cmake-qt-gui

cmake-gui

然后设置相应的目录，

​

  • source code:      /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9
  • build binaries:    /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build
  • CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX（安装目录），默认为/opencv-2.4.9/build/install，改为我们之前设置的安装目录：/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install
  •  去掉 WITH_CUDA
  • 去掉 WITH_GTK
  • 去掉 WITH_1394
  • 去掉 WITH_GSTREAMER
  • 去掉 WITH_LIBV4L
  • 去掉 WITH_TIFF
  • 去掉 BUILD_OPENEXR
  • 去掉 WITH_OPENEXR
  • 去掉 BUILD_opencv_ocl
  • 去掉 WITH_OPENCL（注意区分OPENGL与OPENCL的区别）
  • 去掉 WITH MMPEG

做好相应更改之后，把config与generate

我们的项目并不需要mmpeg的库，并且在后面的交叉编译之中mmpeg库总是出现错误，因此我们去掉WITH MMPEG。

4.4 修改cmakeCache.txt

此时修改在/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build文件夹中的CMakeCache.txt：
CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS选项本来为空，此时在后面加上：-lpthread -lrt

​

4.5 交叉编译

在路径arm-build路径下，进行 make 与make install

出错一、libpng

[  5%] Generating precomp.hpp
[  5%] Generating precomp.hpp.gch/opencv_core_Release.gch
/mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/lib/crt1.o: In function `_start':
init.c:(.text+0x34): undefined reference to `main'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
modules/core/CMakeFiles/pch_Generate_opencv_core.dir/build.make:62: recipe for target 'modules/core/precomp.hpp.gch/opencv_core_Release.gch' failed
make[2]: *** [modules/core/precomp.hpp.gch/opencv_core_Release.gch] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:1102: recipe for target 'modules/core/CMakeFiles/pch_Generate_opencv_core.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [modules/core/CMakeFiles/pch_Generate_opencv_core.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:149: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

后续发现如此低级错误可能是少编译了libpng的库。也说明流程较长时候必须要有足够的耐心，并且要及时检验。

后续libpng依然出错，config时显示找不到zlib，在config之中加LDFLAGS即可，见上面libpng的编译。

出错二、gnu/stubs-32.h

[11%] Building CXX object modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui_pch_dephelp.dir/opencv_highgui_pch_dephelp.cxx.o
cc1plus: warning: include location "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu" is unsafe for cross-compilation [-Wpoison-system-directories]
。。。
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h:7:27: fatal error: gnu/stubs-32.h: No such file or directory# include <gnu/stubs-32.h>^
compilation terminated.
modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui_pch_dephelp.dir/build.make:71: recipe for target 'modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui_pch_dephelp.dir/opencv_highgui_pch_dephelp.cxx.o' failed

解决方法：  sudo apt-get install g++-multilib

之后再make，编译器很快接上面%11继续。

出错三、unknow register name 'st' in 'asm'

[ 16%] Building CXX object modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o
cc1plus: warning: include location "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu" is unsafe for cross-compilation [-Wpoison-system-directories]
In file included from /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include/math.h:472:0,from /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/c++/6.2.1/cmath:45,from /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/c++/6.2.1/math.h:36,from /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/core/include/opencv2/core/types_c.h:94,from /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/core/include/opencv2/core/core.hpp:49,from /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/include/opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp:46,from /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/precomp.hpp:47:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/mathinline.h: In member function ‘virtual bool CvCapture_Images::setProperty(int, double)’:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/mathinline.h:889:3: error: unknown register name ‘st’ in ‘asm’__lrint_code;^
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/mathinline.h:889:3: error: unknown register name ‘st’ in ‘asm’__lrint_code;^
modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/build.make:86: recipe for target 'modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o' failed
  491  cd arm-build/492  gedit toolchain.cmake493  cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchain.cmake ../494  cmake-gui495  cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchain.cmake ../496  gedit CMakeCache.txt 497  cmake ..498  make499  ls500  make501  ls502  cd ..503  ls504  grep -rn lrint_code505  pwd506  cd 507  pwd508  find -name mathinline.h509  cd ..510  find -name mathinline.h511  cd /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9512  ls513  cd arm-build/514  ls515  cd CMakeFiles 516  ls517  cd ..518  ls519  cd toolchain.cmake520  vi toolchain.cmake521  ls522  vi CMakeCache.txt523  cd  bin524  ls525  cd ..526  ls527  vi Makefile 528  grep -rn include_directories529  :q530  :q!531  ls532  cmake-gui533  make534  find ./ -name link*535  cat ./modules/gpu/CMakeFiles/opencv_gpu.dir/link.txt536  cmake-gui537  ls538  cat toolchain.cmake 539  find -name CMakeFiles*540  ls541  cd .542  cd ..543  ls544  vi CMakeLists.txt 545  gedit CMakeLists.txt 546  cd arm-build/547  ls548  gedit CMakeLists.txt 549  cd ..550  gedit CMakeLists.txt 551  cd arm-build/552  cmake-gui553  cmake ..554  make555  make -j4

王博解决方案：

  491  cd arm-build/492  gedit toolchain.cmake493  cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchain.cmake ../494  cmake-gui495  cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=toolchain.cmake ../496  gedit CMakeCache.txt 497  cmake ..498  make499  ls500  cd modules/501  ls502  cd CMakeFiles/503  ls504  cd ..505  cd higigui506  cd highgui507  ls508  cd CMakeFiles/509  ls510  cd opencv_highgui.dir/511  ls512  grep "x86_64" * -r513  vi flags.make 514  ls515  mv CXX.includecache CXX.includecache.origin516  rm CXX.includecache.origin 517  ls518  make519  grep "Building CXX object modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o" * -r520  vi build.make 521  ls522  vi flags.make 523  ls524  vi /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include/math.h525  vi flags.make 526  ls527  vi build.make 528  ls529  vi flags.make 530  pwd531  ls532  vi flags.make 533  ls -l534  cd ..535  make536  ls537  make

在opencv_higui.dir之中寻找相应的文档，更改flags.make文档，与build.make文档与一个aarch的设置有关。

  614  cd CMakeFiles/615  grep "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu" * -r616  grep "x86_64-linux-gnu" * -r617  ls618  cd .619  cd ..620  cd modules/621  ls622  cd CMakeFiles/623  grep "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu" * -r624  grep "x86_64-linux-gnu" * -r625  ls626  cd ..627  ls628  cd CMakeFiles/629  ls630  cd ..631  ls632  cd ..633  ls634  cd CMakeFiles/635  ls636  cd modules637  ls638  cd ..639  cd modules/640  ls641  cd CMakeFiles/642  ls643  cd ..644  find . -name highgui645  cd highgui646  ls647  cd CMakeFiles/648  ls649  grep "x86_64-linux-gnu" * -r650  grep "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu" * -r651  grep "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu" * -r | more652  ls653  cd opencv_highgui.dir/654  ls655  grep "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu" * -r | more656  vi flags.make 657  pwd658  cd ..659  make660  ls661  ls -l662  make663  vi /tmp/wy.txt664  make665  vi /tmp/wy.txt666  make667  cat /tmp/wy.txt668  make669  cat /tmp/wy.txt670  vi /tmp/wy.txt671  make672  cat /tmp/wy.txt673  make674  ls675  vi /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include/math.h676  make677  ls678  vi CMakeCache.txt 679  make680  cd cd /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui681  cd /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui682  ls683  /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ 684  /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -DCVAPI_EXPORTS -DHIGHGUI_EXPORTS -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/perf -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/features2d/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/imgproc/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/flann/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/core/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/ts/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/test -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/3rdparty/libjasper -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build -isystem /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include -isystem /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -Wno-deprecated-declarations -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG -fPIC -include "/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/precomp.hpp" -Winvalid-pch  -o CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o -c /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src/cap_images.cpp685  history686  history > wy.txt687  vi wy.txt688  /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -DCVAPI_EXPORTS -DHIGHGUI_EXPORTS -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/perf -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/features2d/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/imgproc/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/flann/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/core/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/ts/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/test -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/3rdparty/libjasper -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build -isystem /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include -isystem /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -Wno-deprecated-declarations -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG -fPIC -include "/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/precomp.hpp" -Winvalid-pch -march=armv5te -o CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o -c /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src/cap_images.cpp689  /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -DCVAPI_EXPORTS -DHIGHGUI_EXPORTS -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/perf -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/features2d/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/imgproc/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/flann/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/core/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/ts/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/test -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/3rdparty/libjasper -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build -isystem /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include -isystem /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -Wno-deprecated-declarations -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG -fPIC -include "/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/precomp.hpp" -Winvalid-pch -march=armv7 -o CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o -c /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src/cap_images.cpp690  /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -DCVAPI_EXPORTS 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CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o -c /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src/cap_images.cpp711  cd /mnt/workspace/712  ls713  cd Xilinx/714  l715  ls716  cd SDK717  ls718  cd 2017.4/719  ls720  cd bin/721  ls722  d ..723  cd ..724  ls725  cd gnu/726  ls727* cd aarch~728  cd aarch32729  ls730  cd lin/731  ls732  cd gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/733  ls734  cd bin/735  ls736  ./arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v737  cd /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui738  /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui# /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -DCVAPI_EXPORTS -DHIGHGUI_EXPORTS -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/perf -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/features2d/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/include 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-fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -Wno-deprecated-declarations -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG -fPIC -include "/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/precomp.hpp" -Winvalid-pch -march=armv7-a -o CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o -c /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src/cap_images.cpp748  /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -DCVAPI_EXPORTS -DHIGHGUI_EXPORTS -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/perf -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/features2d/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/imgproc/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/flann/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/core/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/ts/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/test -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/3rdparty/libjasper -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build -isystem /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -Wno-deprecated-declarations -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG -fPIC -include "/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/precomp.hpp" -Winvalid-pch -march=armv8-a -o CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o -c /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src/cap_images.cpp749  ls 750  ls CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o751  ls CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o -l752  /mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -DCVAPI_EXPORTS -DHIGHGUI_EXPORTS -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/perf -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/features2d/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/imgproc/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/flann/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/core/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/ts/include -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/test -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/3rdparty/libjasper -I/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build -isystem /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Werror=return-type -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wno-narrowing -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -fdiagnostics-show-option -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -Wno-deprecated-declarations -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG -fPIC -include "/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/precomp.hpp" -Winvalid-pch -march=armv8-a -o CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/cap_images.cpp.o -c /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/modules/highgui/src/cap_images.cpp753  cd ..754  make755  cd /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui756  ls757  ls -l758  cd ..759  ls760  cd CMakeFiles/761  ls762  cd ..763  cd CMakeFiles/764  ls765  cd mo766  ls767  pwd768  ls769  cd ..770  cd modules/771  ls772  cd highgui/773  ls774  cd CMakeFiles/775  ls776  cd ..777  ls778  cd CMakeFiles/779  ls780  cd ..781  cd higui782  ls783  cd highgui784  ls785  cd CMakeFiles/786  ls787  cd opencv_highgui.dir/788  ls789  vi flags.make 790  make791  pwd792  vi flags.make 793  ls794  vi flags.make 795  vi build.make 796  find . -name cap_images*797  rm src/cap_images.cpp.o 798  LS799  ls800  vi build.make 
  875  make876  vi modules/nonfree/CMakeFiles/opencv_perf_nonfree.dir/link.txt 877  make878  vi modules/objdetect/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_objdetect.dir/link.txt 879  make -j4880  make881  vi modules/objdetect/CMakeFiles/opencv_perf_objdetect.dir/link.txt 882  make883  vi modules/objdetect/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_objdetect.dir/link.txt 884  make885  vi modules/photo/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_photo.dir/link.txt 886  make -j4887  vi modules/photo/CMakeFiles/opencv_perf_photo.dir/link.txt 888  make -j4889  vi modules/stitching/CMakeFiles/opencv_perf_stitching.dir/link.txt 890  vi modules/stitching/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_stitching.dir/link.txt 891  make -j4892  history

此步出错在于编译器找不到相应的文件，所以我们需要在相应的CMakeFiles之中添加下面的东西。位置 arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv-highgui.dir,，这个文件制定了相应的路径。我们在后面添加依赖路径，注意语法，前后冒号。

  799  ls800  vi build.make 801  history802  cd /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build803  ls804  cd modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/build.make805  cd modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/806  vi build.make 807  cp link.txt ../link.txt808  vi link.txt 809  vi ../link.txt

​

另外，必须把另一个core的时候也出现此问题，因此，也需要把core的后面加相应的dir加路径。

/arm/opencv-2.4.9/arm-build/modules/core/CMakeFiles/opencv_perf_core.dir

解决了这些bug之后，终于编译完成

[ 85%] Built target opencv_test_imgproc
[ 85%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/opencv_test_highgui
[ 85%] Built target opencv_perf_highgui
[ 86%] Built target opencv_test_highgui
[ 88%] Built target opencv_test_features2d
[ 89%] Built target opencv_perf_features2d
[ 90%] Built target opencv_perf_calib3d
[ 93%] Built target opencv_test_calib3d
[ 94%] Built target opencv_test_ml
[ 94%] Built target opencv_test_objdetect
[ 95%] Built target opencv_nonfree
[ 95%] Built target opencv_perf_objdetect
[ 95%] Built target opencv_test_photo
[ 95%] Built target opencv_perf_photo
[ 96%] Built target opencv_test_nonfree
[ 97%] Built target opencv_perf_nonfree
[ 99%] Built target opencv_stitching
[100%] Built target opencv_test_stitching
[100%] Built target opencv_perf_stitching

make install

4.6 隐患

  • mmpeg可能没用到，没有编译
  • aarch的设置

五、移植到ARM上

5.1 配置pkg-config

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/luotuo44/article/details/24836901

用第三方库，就少不了要使用到第三方的头文件和库文件。我们在编译、链接的时候，必须要指定这些头文件和库文件的位置。
对于一个比较大第三方库，其头文件和库文件的数量是比较多的。如果我们一个个手动地写，那将是相当麻烦的。所以，pkg-config就应运而生了。pkg-config能够把这些头文件和库文件的位置指出来，给编译器使用。
平常都是这样用pkg-config的：

gcc main.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0` -o main

此为把gtk的头文件路径和库文件列出来，让编译去获取。–cflags和–libs分别指定头文件和库文件。

在前面的OpenCV配置过程中，pkg-config便已经生成。生成地址为/usr/local/arm/opencv-install/lib/pkgconfig/opencv.pc

（注意，make install之后才有此步）

5.2 配置shell

gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

在最后一行加入：注意路径要与自己的一致。
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

如图

  然后 source /etc/bash.bashrc

六、测试

创建并编辑test.cpp文件

#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{IplImage* image = cvLoadImage("/root/Desktop/miska.jpg");if(image == NULL){cout<<"loud image fail"<<endl;return -1;}cvNamedWindow("src", 1);cvShowImage("src", image);cvWaitKey();cvDestroyWindow("src");cvReleaseImage(&image);return 0;
}

保存并退出之后，输入如下：

arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv` test.cpp -lpthread -lrt -o test

6.1 bug 找不到头文件

root@osrc-virtual-machine:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/test-opencv# arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv` test.cpp -lpthread -lrt -o test
In file included from test.cpp:1:0:
/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/include/opencv/cv.h:67:38: fatal error: opencv2/video/tracking.hpp: No such file or directory#include "opencv2/video/tracking.hpp"^
compilation terminated.

显示没有相应的文件，我们在modules中把相应的文件夹拷贝到opencv install之中，然后将include之中同名的文件拷出来。

/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/include/opencv/cv.h:72:37: fatal error: opencv2/legacy/compat.hpp: No such file or directory#include "opencv2/legacy/compat.hpp"

一次video文件夹，一次legency文件夹。

然后编译，解决了相应的找不到头文件的问题。

6.2 bug找不到编译库

/mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/6.2.1/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: warning: libz.so.1, needed by /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/lib/libopencv_core.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/6.2.1/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: warning: libjpeg.so.9, needed by /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/lib/libopencv_highgui.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/mnt/workspace/Xilinx/SDK/2017.4/gnu/aarch32/lin/gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/6.2.1/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: warning: libpng16.so.16, needed by /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/lib/libopencv_highgui.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)

找不到zlib，找不到libjpeg，找不到libpng，   warning: libz.so.1, needed by。。。

尝试解决方法一、将相应的opencv-depend库里面的内容搬到opencv-install里面。

cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/include/ /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/
cp -r /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib/ /home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/

运行之后并不成功。

尝试解决方法二、编译时加入 -Wl,-rpath,/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib/:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib/:

https://www.cnblogs.com/candl/p/7358384.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/homejim/p/8004883.html

命令行：

arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `pkg-config –cflags –libs opencv` test.cpp -lpthread -lrt -o test -Wl,-rpath,/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-depend/lib/:/home/osrc/Desktop/document/arm/opencv-install/lib/:

终于运行成功，生成test文件。非常繁琐的步骤，中间出现了无数的bug，好在终于完成了运行。

6.3 ARM板运行

在运行时，还要把arm/opencv-install/lib目录下的所有.so文件都拷贝到arm的/usr/lib或者/lib目录下。

详细运行步骤见：ARM单片机编译与运行程序MTCNN  https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36474809/article/details/83342549

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